ECONOMIC CENSUS          

Economic census is the official count of entrepreneurial units located in geographical boundaries of the country involved in any economic activities of either agricultural (excluding crop production and plantation) or non-agricultural sectors of the economy engaged in production or distribution of goods and services but not for the sole purposes of own-consumption.                                

The objective of the conduct of Economic Census is to provide basic information viz.number of enterprises, employment therein, number of enterprises by type of activity, by type of ownership and by type of social group for planning purposes and to provide a frame for follow-up surveys which are meant for collecting detailed information about the enterprise. 

The first Economic Census to collect information in the non-agricultural economy was conducted in 1977, wherein the coverage was restricted only to non-agricultural enterprises employing at least one hired worker on a fairly regular basis. This Economic Census covered only those establishments engaged in non-agricultural activities such as Mining & Quarrying, Manufacturing, Trade, Construction, Transport and Services employing at least one hired worker. This census collected basic data such as number of non-agricultural establishments, their location, nature of establishment, size of employment, value of output  / turn over / receipt etc.                     

The second Economic Census was carried out in April – May 1980 on a more comprehensive basis, along with the house listing operations of population census, 1981. It was sponsored by the CSO in collaboration with the State Directorate of Economics and Statistics. In 1980 Economic Census, own Account Enterprises, which was not covered in 1977 census, though much more in number are also covered. In this census enterprises engaged in economic activity both in agriculture and non-agriculture whether employing any worker or not were covered, except those engaged in crop production and plantation. 

The third Economic Census 1990 was sponsored by the CSO, Government of India as a Central Sector Scheme and implemented through the State Directorate of Economics & Statistics. For ease of operational convenience and cos effectiveness, it was carried out during April – May 1990 as an adjustment to the house listing operations of the 1991 population census, in collaboration with the census organizations. Under the third economic census, a complete enumeration of entrepreneurial activities other than crop production and plantation in rural and urban areas of the country was carried out. The enterprise, nature of operations, type of ownership, social group of owner, power / fuel used for the activity and the number of hired persons usually working in the enterprise. 

The fourth Economic Census was carried out in 1998. The census information is uniformly collected through four forms namely, (1) House list form (HL), (2) House list abstract form (HLA), (3) Enterprise list form (EL) and (4) Enterprise list abstract form (ELA). Census village is taken as the primary unit in rural areas whereas in urban areas it is the urban Frame Survey Block (UFS) formed by the Staff of Field Operations Division (FOD) of National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). 

Items of information collected in the 1998 economic census were description of enterprises, classification of enterprise as to whether agriculture or non-agricultural, nature of operations, type of ownership, social group of owner, power / fuel used for the activity and number of person usually working daily in the non-agricultural enterprise with male, female, total and also hired male, hired female were recorded in the Enterprise List. Information of number of persons usually working in the agricultural enterprise with total and hired was also collected. 

            The fifth Economic Census was conducted during 2005 in the whole of the State of Mizoram. All economic activities (agriculture and non agricultural) except those involved in crop production and plantation are covered under this census. The fifth Economic Census was conducted both in rural & urban areas of the State. The unit of Survey in rural areas were census villages as classified by 2001 Population Census. In the rural areas as many as 803 number of villages were covered. Urban area comprised of 22 Census towns as per 2001 Population Census Classification. The unit of survey in urban areas were the block(s) under Urban Frame Survey (UFS) prepared by National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). The number of blocks covered during the census was 523 

Key result of this Census are as follows :- 

As per the results of the economic census, 2005 there were 47,730 enterprises engaged in different economic activities other than crop production and plantation in Mizoram. Among those 10,782 enterprises were engaged in Agricultural activities and the remaining 36,948 enterprises were engaged in non-agricultural activities. 

Out of the total 47,730 enterprises in the State 18,016 (37.7%) were located in the rural areas and 29,714 (62.3%) were located in the urban areas. 

Out of the total 10,782 agricultural enterprises, 4,399 (40.8%) enterprises were located in rural areas and the remaining 6,383 (59.2%) enterprises were located in urban areas. Out of 10,782 agricultural enterprises, 10,124 were own-account enterprises and 658 were establishments. 

Out of the total 36,948 non-agricultural enterprises 13,617 (36.85%) enterprises were located in rural areas and the remaining 23,331 (63.15%) enterprises were located in urban areas. Out of 36,948 non-agricultural enterprises 15052 were establishment and 21,896 were own-account enterprises. Again, out of 15,052 establishments, 6,888 (45.76%) were located in rural areas and the remaining 8,164 (54.23%) were located in urban areas of the state. 

A total of 1,06,706 persons were employed in all the 47,730 enterprises in the State. In all there were 64,276 hired workers in both agricultural and non-agricultural enterprises. Out of the total hired workers in both agricultural and non-agricultural enterprises 44,801 worked in the urban areas and the remaining 19,475 worked in rural areas. 

Out of the total 1,06,706 persons employed in agricultural and non-agricultural enterprises 33,314 (31.22%) were employed in rural areas and 73,392 (68.78%) were employed in urban areas of the state.

 In the agricultural sector, a total of 13,481 persons were employed out of which 5,331 belongs to rural areas and the rest 8,150 belongs to urban areas. Similarly, in the non-agricultural sectors, a total of 93,225 persons were employed out of which 27,983 belongs to rural areas and the rest 65,242 belongs to urban areas.

Economic Census Table 

Table :1 District wise Number of Enterprises & Employment (Economic Census – 2005)

Table : 2 District wise Number of Agricultural and Non-agricultural Enterprises (Economic Census – 2005)

 Table : 3 Number of Employment by type of Enterprise

 Table - 4 District-wise Number of Enterprise by type and Employment therein (Economic Census – 2005)

  KEY RESULT OF ECONOMIC CENSUS